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2 - Millennials and Politics in Indonesia: 2019 and Beyond
- Edited by Ju-Lan Thung, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Maria Monica Wihardja, ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute
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- Book:
- Understanding the Role of Indonesian Millennials in Shaping the Nation's Future
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 13 April 2024
- Print publication:
- 02 January 2024, pp 40-69
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- Chapter
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Summary
This chapter explores the involvement of Indonesian millennials in politics and investigates the potential for their rise to disrupt the hold of the existing political elites and introduce fresh political ideas, values and practices. The analysis distinguishes between two distinct paths in millennials’ involvement in politics: rising through the political dynasty route and rising with no familial connections in politics. Millennials from political dynasties often rely on their family connections to secure positions of power, perpetuating the dominance of existing political elites and raising concerns about a political oligarchy. In contrast, millennials with no family background in politics rely on their entrepreneurial achievements or connections to religious and traditional leaders. These non-dynastic leaders offer an alternative perspective and the potential to challenge the established political order, inspiring voters and fostering a more diverse and democratic political landscape. However, significant challenges persist for millennials seeking political office. The centralized party system, where a small group of party elites control the recruitment process, presents obstacles to accessing grassroots networks. This creates a barrier to meaningful millennial participation in politics and the potential impact they can make. Creating an inclusive and democratic political environment that empowers millennials to positively shape the future of Indonesian politics requires addressing systemic challenges and preventing the domination of politics by entrenched elites and dynasties.
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia's most recent direct local elections (pilkada langsung) were held on 9 December 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the pandemic, the election drew the highest voter turnout nationally, at 76.09 per cent, compared with previous direct local elections (Kompas 2021a). In addition to the complexity of holding elections amid the pandemic, the phenomenon that has received the most public attention is the emergence and victory of the millennial generation in running for regional head (kepala daerah) positions. Perludem (2021) noted that at least twenty elected regional heads and seventeen elected deputy regional heads were below 34 years of age, which means that 13.7 per cent of the regions have since been led by young millennials (those born between 1981 and 1996).
The rise of young millennials in Indonesia's local politics mirrors the wave of young millennials leading at the national level. A significant number of millennials are now in parliament as well as in the national government.
Transferability of a EUnetHTA relative effectiveness assessment to low- and middle-income countries setting
- T. I. Armina Padmasawitri, Ahmad Fuady
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 April 2022, e42
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- Article
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In 2020, European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) published a relative effectiveness analysis (REA) of Pretomanid in combination with Bedaquiline and Linezolid for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) or treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) (REA PTJA14). This REA may have a significant value for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) outside Europe, particularly those with a high burden of drug-resistant TB. This commentary focuses on whether the REA PTJA14 can be transferred and to what extent a REA can be translated to LMICs context outside Europe. We found that the assessments on the clinical effectiveness and risks of bias reported in REA PTJA14 are useful for LMICs outside Europe. The highly standardized management of TB will support the applicability of the REA to LMICs outside of Europe. Transferring this REA can reduce workload and efficiently use limited resources to conduct health technology assessment (HTA). However, the transfer should consider several critical issues, including variations in health system delivery and clinical practice and setting-specific constraints. In the TB context, the differences in the current standard treatment for XDR or nonresponsive MDR TB, resources availability for drug-resistant TB management, and how healthcare is delivered in the countries can complicate the applicability of the REA PTJA14. Given that LMICs have limitations in doing HTA, it is now critical to develop standard guidelines for transferring REA or other HTA results from high-income countries or other LMICs to maximize the benefits of the REA for LMICs outside Europe.